“Timely availability of seeds at convenient place is very important”

Dr. LK Pandey, National Sales Head, Sungro Seeds talks about the industry in an exclusive to B&E

Good seeds means a good crop. Sungro Seeds, which has been associated with the industry has tried to come up with high yielding seeds. In an interview with Vikas Kumar, Dr. LK Pandey, National Sales Head, Sungro Seeds Ltd. talks about the challenges faced by the seeds industry and what is Sungro trying to do to solve them

B&E: Scarcity of better quality seeds at required time and place discourages farmers from replacement of their own saved seeds with good quality seeds? How do you view this trend?

LKP: Timely availability of seeds at a convenient place is a very important factor in seed business. However, it hardly deters farmers to use high quality hybrid seeds. In fact competition has made a different scenario where seeds of more than one brand are present at any seed retail counter. Therefore, it is a matter of particular brand choice which farmer has to take rather than non-availability of products of any crop. Sungro like any other system oriented company has an annual planning system broken into monthly requirements and weekly requirements of all important segments or growing regions. It accordingly makes logistical arrangements for timely seed availability at every place of requirement.

B&E: Seed Multiplication under National Agriculture Research System needs major strengthening. How do you view this policy?

LKP: The seed industry has become customer driven where product features and quality is decided by customer preferences. As of now various choices are available in the market which helps customers to choose the best. The present NARS System should involve private sector also to make available right product at right time.

B&E: What are your views on prices of seeds particularly of hybrids and affordability among farmers?

LKP: Traditionally, farmers used to do maximum savings in seeds, though it makes only a fraction of total investment on inputs like fertilizer and pesticides. When we talk about the seed price in terms of kilogram then it appears exorbitant. However, if we think about total amount of seed required in one acre area then it looks reasonable and affordable.

B&E: What are the major achievements of Sungro Seeds till date? And what will be the next area for you?

LKP: In the year 2008-09 Sungro achieved sales turnover of Rs 45 crores by marketing almost 150 products of 26 crops throughout the country. We are market leader in cauliflowers, radish, cabbage, carrot, brinjals, okra, bitter gourd, chilli and tomatoes. Its products are demanded by vegetable growers all over India and overseas due to high quality and affordable price. Now, by mapping all the districts and every market segment, Sungro is planning to reach out to all vegetable growers in the country with the help of a large distribution network. We also export our products in many countries.

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High speed railway systems can change the fortune of the third world

By now, the fact that the Copenhagen meet added around 46,200 tonnes of carbon dioxide, most of it from flights, has become a cliché. Studies have proved that air travel is now the fastest-growing contributor to global warming. In simple words, avoiding air travel can, to some extent, limit its harmful impact on the environment.

Furthermore, many countries are readily investing in environment-friendly mode of transport. In this long list of green transport, countries are fervent about the high-speed railway systems a.k.a HSR. As per a recent Eurostar research, the train to Paris (instead of flying) cuts CO2 emissions per passenger by a jaw dropping, literally, 90 per cent. Going beyond numbers, the environmental benefit due to HSR is more than what any empirical research can reveal. As airlines emit their CO2 directly into the upper atmosphere, thus the impact on environment is much severe. The Manchester City council, in UK, has revealed its interest on "high speed rail revolution" – precisely to tap on the increase efficiency and its environment-friendly attribute. Most of the developed countries like France, Spain and Germany are supporting the HSR concept. A few European countries have also decided to join HSR network linking the UK and Europe.

Besides reducing the amount of CO2, HSR, to a large extent, solves traffic congestion and air pollution problems. Traffic congestion not only pollutes the environment, but also waste fuel and waste productivity time. It indirectly hits the economy of the country by adding to the cost of doing business. Realising this fact, Japan has extended its Bullet train network by 76 per cent, thus linking almost all its cities. Even Europe has decided to add an extra 1,711 more miles by 2010. The air travel frequency between Paris-to-Brussels has almost disappeared after opening up of HSR links.

Undoubtedly, HSR can do more wonders in the third world. The third world countries will not only benefit from technology-leapfrogging but also will see a heave in other sectors too. They will obviously have an advantage of second mover and therefore, can reduce loss (by analysing the success model of HSR already in place) and customise the HSR model as per their requirement. Implementation of HSR in African and Asian countries will augment their infrastructure and employment. Beside this, if HSR links the urban and rural areas, it will also decrease urban migration and bridge the gap between rural-urban divide. With proper planning HSR can give rise to mid-size cities and satellite towns. Obviously, implementation of HSR model is not an overnight job and would require huge investment. But then proper planning and a good business model can surely make high-speed railways a success business model cum social initiative in the third world too. And if it seems a next to impossible task, then one must learn from China. China has launched the fastest HSR (CRH3) with an average speed of 217 mph covering a total distance of 663 miles connecting over 20 cities (connecting less developed regions to the metros) and is planning to expand it to 42 more HSR lines by 2012. Does it sound like a case in point?

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“Similar to ‘Sanskritisation’

“Similar to ‘Sanskritisation’ in the socio-cultural sphere, ‘Congressisation’ is the most uncalled-for phenomenon in politics and it is the epidemic from which the TDP is suffering most from,” said political analyst Chakradhar Mukkamala, while referring to the burning issue of Telangana agitation as a testimony to the final decadence of TDP.

TDP was founded by the late N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) and came to power invoking insult to Telugu pride because Congress chief minister Anajaiah was berated by Rajiv Gandhi on the tarmac of the Begumpet Airport. NTR was the belated manifestation of the egalitarian dream of the Justice Party of 1910s and 1920s. An advocate of federalism, custodian of underdogs and messiah of the lumpen proletariat, NTR also filled the political void where the Left had failed. ‘Andhra Pradesh politics, till then, was ‘Congressised’, with pampered sections like Reddys and Malas monopolizing political power,’ another political observer Ravinder Durgam says.

The Reddy strongholds, spread over the southern region of Rayalaseema, Nellore and most of Telangana, produced most Congress chief ministers till the TDP was formed. Incidentally, the current CM Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy is also from the Reddy community only. NTR and his successor Chandrababu Naidu demolished Reddy domination, particularly in Telangana by fielding and successfully electing non-Reddy castes. Thus, the backward castes of Andhra Pradesh, particularly of Telangana, were swayed by NTR's egalitarian, socialist vows. But, after NTR’s demise and during the decade-long reign of his son-in-law, Chandrababu Naidu, his caste (Kamma) monopolised political power.

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The nexus between politicians and the mining mafia is wreaking havoc in many Indian states

The recent developments in Karnataka involving the Reddy brothers of Bellary substantiate that allegation. A decade ago, G Janardhan Reddy and G Karunakara Reddy, ministers in the present BS Yeddyurappa government, were small-scale financiers in Bellary. After they forayed into the mining industry, their stocks rose rapidly. Today, it is claimed that they control almost the entire government in Karnataka. It is also claimed that the Reddy brothers and their close friend, Karnataka health minister Sriramulu, fly from Bellary to Bangalore in their own helicopter almost everyday.

The connection between the Reddy brothers and former Andhra chief minister YS Rajashekara Reddy’s son Jagan Reddy is a well-known fact in political circles. The Bellary brothers belong to the BJP and Jagan to the Congress. But in the mining business, they are partners.

With their political clout and money power they have all but obliterated state boundaries with their mining activities. But after Rajashekara Reddy’s demise, the political scenario has changed. The Andhra government is gunning for the Reddy brothers’ Obulapuram Mining Company.

Already behind bars is Madhu Koda, former Jharkhand chief minister. A mine worker, he rose quickly up the political ladder to wrest the post of chief minister. Along the way, he used his position as minister for mines to line his pockets. He is now under the scanner of the Enforcement Directorate. The irony is that in the name of development, the mining industry is growing helter-skelter in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa. On the human development index, however, these states are proven laggards. “In terms of financial growth mining has turned into a major industry in India. But, the growth occurs only in the upper strata of the society. Mine owners, companies and politicians are reaping the harvest. In most cases, uncontrolled mining leads to an unequal society,” says Bhanumathi.

According to experts, almost 50-60 per cent of mining activities in India are illegal. For example, Forest (Conservation) Act of India 1980 is frequently circumvented, thanks to the nexus between mining and politics. Since the enactment of the Act three decades ago, the Union government has granted clearance to mining projects on more than 100,000 hectares of forest land. Though these clearances were strictly conditional, both state-owned and private mining companies have flouted all norms to maximise their profits.

For example, except for a few cases, these mining companies did not carry out compensatory forestation activities. In places that they did so, it was only an eyewash. According to the Union forest ministry, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh are top five affected states. In Andhra Pradesh, more 15,700 hectares of forest land has been released for mining activities. The story is virtually the same in the other aforementioned states.

“We need stringent laws to put an end to this. Otherwise both the environment, both natural and political, will be marred. I hope the proposed new Mines and Mineral Development and Regulation (MMDR) Act will curb illegal, unscientific mining activities,” says former environment secretary of Karnataka, AN Yellappa Reddy. The final draft of the MMDR Act has been sent to the Union Cabinet for approval.

The Union ministry of mines is hoping that the new Act will usher in an era of sustainable and community-friendly mining. The question is: will the political mafia that controls the spoils of the industry allow that to happen?

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The attack on MA Jinnah Road

The attack on MA Jinnah Road after the Ashura procession was hit by a bomb has not only devoured 46 precious lives, but has also damaged the “Wadhumal Odharam area” of Serai Quarters. “Prior to the partition, Hindu families lived in the area but its beautiful buildings were considerably degraded after the partition,” noted architect and town planner Arif Hasan told TSI.

“Denso Hall area that has beautiful buildings of 19th century has also been affected by fire,” he said.

“Since Independence, Wadhumal Odharam and Ranchore Quarters, the British civic and recreational centres have been under severe market pressures. The pressure being of infiltration of markets from the Old Town Quarters, accompanied with their intrinsic physical qualities, including wider roads and spacious ground floors, than those of the Old Town Quarters. Their proximity to the port is an additional asset. These factors have also encouraged the establishment of new markets,” writes noted architect and town planner Yasmin Cheema in her remarkable study: The Historical Quarters of Karachi.

According to the reports, at least 80 markets were damaged, including Boulton, Iqbal, Chhani, Light House and whole sale and plastic markets. Ironically, these structures have not been put on fire by mourners, but by unknown people , whose main objective was just not to destabilise the government, but to pave the way for the land mafia, who wants to replace them with skyscrapers.

“I was in the procession when the blast took place though I was not close enough to see the dead bodies. But I can say with confidence that people who set shops and markets on fire were not mourners. The mourners were empty-handed and were not carrying any inflammable material,” Syed Zain Haider, 18, told TSI.

“The land mafia may have had a role in the carnage. In fact, I was told that even the gunbattle in Lyari (a slum area near the port) had the mafia's backing because they want to build skyscrapers there,” said Arif Hasan said. He added that after the WTO began dictating terms with a big bang, an underground economy took refuge in the real estate sector, especially related to foreign currency and gold. As a result of WTO policies, this economy is no more underground. It is exerting pressure on the local governments to change the building by-laws, Hasan said. He added that in the model which was earlier operative in Karachi, the most dangerous aspect that land has become a commodity.

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The Mahatma gandhi family tree

HARILAL GANDHI

(Eldest son)

He was married to Gulab. They had five children, two daughters Rani and Manu and three sons Kanti, Rasik and Shanti. None of the children is alive anymore. Rasik and Shanti died in childhood.

RANI

Eldest daughter Rani was a homemaker. She had four children, Anushrya, Prabodh, Neelam and Navmalika.

Anushrya

Anusharya is not alive. Anushrya has two children, Lekha and Rahul. Lekha works in a hospital as medical techno;ogist in St.Louis, US. She has two sons, Dev and Amal. Rahul has two children, Anup and Avnee. He is business director in Washington University.

PRABODH

Prabodh is not alive. He was a doctor. He did his MBBS/MD in Mumbai but worked in a village in Saurashtra. He has two children, Sonal and Prayag. Sonal lives in Mumbai with her two children, Rachana and Gaurav. Rachana is a doctor and Gaurav is a computer engineer. Prayag has two children, Prachi and Darshan. They study in Saurashtra.

NEELAM PARIKH

Neelam Parikh has one son, Sameer. He is an eye surgeon, runs his own private practice in Navsari, Gujarat. He has three children, Siddharth, Gopi and Parth.

NAVMALIKA

Has three children, Parul, Manisha and Ravi. Parul and Ravi live in Toronto, Canada. Parul is a physiotherapist (private practice). She has two children, Sarthak and Anil, both students. Ravi is a computer engineer. He has two children, Neel and Akash. Manisha, too, is a physiotherapist in Nagpur. She has two children, Milli and Daksh. They are students.

KANTI

(Harilal’s son) He was married to Saraswati Ben . He is no more. He was a doctor. He did his MBBS from Madras. He worked in a dispensary in a mill and treated the workers of the mill. They had two sons. First son, Shanti, is a heart specialist. He is married to an American lady called Suzanne. He has three daughters, Anjalee, Anita, and Alka. They live in the US. The second son, Pradeep, is married to Mangla. He is a CA. He lives in Washington, US. He has two daughters, Priya, Megha.

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Kings and queens still have their feet washed by villagers of the world’s largest democracy

That Bolangir was to then take a steady downward spiral into deprivation and despair even as Singhdeo passed away in 1975, did not, however, change the fortunes of his family that, after him, continued on a winning streak at the hustings. Following Singhdeo’s death, his two sons Rajraj and Anang Udaya took on the family’s new-found political mantle; while Rajraj was elected twice to Parliament from Bolangir, younger brother Anang Udaya made it seven times to the state assembly, and even became minister twice in Naveen Patnaik’s cabinet. It wasn’t to stop there. Kalikesh Narayan Singhdeo, Anang Udaya’s son who joined politics in 2004, was elected to the state assembly as a BJD candidate, while Rajraj’s son, Kanak Vardhan, has made it to the state assembly four times as a BJP candidate from Patnagarh, becoming a minister in the BJD-BJP alliance government from 2000 to 2009. His wife, Sangita Singhdeo, has won from the Bolangir parliamentary seat thrice as a BJP candidate.

And just what sees them through? “They owe it to their clean image,” says Bhagwan Mishra, a royal family supporter. “They never indulge in corruption and maintain a clean image before the public. They also never refuse anyone who seeks their help in anything.”

Political rivalry meanwhile has slowly eaten its way into the royal family. The split between the BJD and BJP resulted in family members locking horns in the last elections in 2009. While Kanak Vardan fought against his sister-in-law Prakruti Devi, his wife Sangita fought against her brother-in-law Kalikesh. In that battle while Kanak Vardan won the approval of the people, his wife and three-time MP lost to Kalikesh. “I want to do something for the people of Bolangir,” Kalikesh, who has become an MP from the constituency for the first time, tells TSI. “People have great faith in our family and I don’t want to ever let them down.”

In all of this, it is the Congress that seems to have taken a beating having chosen the wrong candidates in the first place. And the yardstick for political performance in Bolangir is not quite the same as it is in the rest of the country. “Everybody is the same here,” says Harishchandra Sahoo, a farmer of Khaprakhol, a village in the area. “Everybody comes to us once every five years seeking our votes. But at least members of the royal family do not indulge in corrupt practices. Unlike the others in politics, we know for sure that they at least won’t siphon off a share of the funds allotted by the government for the benefit of the poor.”

Then again, with 60 per cent of the constituency's population living below the poverty line, and 45 per cent of its people still trapped in illiteracy, it isn’t surprising that not many in Bolangir have either the time or the means to fret and fume about the mysterious ways of governance or, for that matter, misgovernance.

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Nuclear deal

The US Congress on October 1, 2008, gave absolute endorsement to an accord facilitating nuclear collaboration between the US and India. The agreement is seen as a defining moment in US-India associations and brings in a fresh aspect to worldwide non-proliferation efforts. The agreement lifts a more than 30 years old US cessation on nuclear trade with India by allowing US to offer aid to India’s civilian nuclear regime. However, opposition parties in India maintained that the country’s sovereignty and reputation have been sold out. On the other hand, several US politicians are of the belief that a gaping fissure has been knocked into the NPT command and it essentially overturns more than 50 years of US non-proliferation labours undermining efforts to thwart Iran and North Korea from obtaining nuclear weapons, and potentially adds to a nuclear arms race in the continent.

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Desperate Invasions

It was extremely shocking for the world that had for so long invested morally in Non-Aligned Movement to understand the Bush’s doctrine of either-you-are-with-us-or-against-us. As Uncle Sam first marched into Afghanistan and later in Iraq, most of the world’s statesmen were caught off the guard. While Taliban was universally despised, Saddam Hussain was sort of an iconic figure of resistance. Naturally, the fall of Baghdad had different reaction to that of Kabul. As sycophants allied nations jumped to eat the spoils of war, developing world started to fathom the meaning of “Global War on Terror”. The Blitzkrieg although won battles for US, the war in Iraq and Afghanistan still continues. As overstretched US army finds difficult to hold grounds in Iraq and Afghanistan, the threat of second Vietnam looms large over America.

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Brilliant concept of global warming meets!

EU did take the lead and declare to cut its carbon emissions by 20% from 1990 levels by 2020 and is the only region on the planet running a comprehensive Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). However, it refused to commit to any further cuts unless other rich nations reciprocate its earlier gestures. But, in the midst of this heat that has suddenly raised COP 15 temperature by many degrees, Dr. R.K. Pachauri, Chairman of the Nobel Prize winning IPCC, said at the inaugural speech of the summit that “To limit average temperature increase at 2.0 and 2.4° C, the cost of mitigation by 2030 would not exceed 3% of the global GDP. In other words, the so-called prosperity expected in 2030 would be postponed by just a few months. But, we have clearly specified in the AR4 that if temperature increase is to be limited to between 2.0 and 2.4°C, global emissions must peak no later than 2015.”

The Copenhagen Summit started recently with the greatest fanfare in recent times for any international event – rivalled only by the 2008 Beijing Olympics. However, the thriller, even before its screening, has already had its share of controversies with the stealing of certain emails of scientists at the University of East Anglia in UK, the contents of which showed that certain studies cast doubt over the fact that human induced activities cause climate change. This proved to be a panacea to climate change naysayers and a sudden surge of criticisms were hurled at the so called propagandists of ‘left’ leaning legions of policy-makers and governments across the globe trying to take over the capitalist world. However, the jigsaw consists of many more hidden pieces. There are other issues intertwined with carbon and equivalent emission reductions that are on the COP15 agenda but have largely been remained footnotes in the emissions tale.

Firstly, as Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh has reiterated on many platforms, funding and technology transfer from developed countries to developing nations to curb, mitigate and adapt to damaging effects of climate change must be made a certainty within the confines of any international treaty. However, the rhetoric by the world’s largest oil and gas companies, coal power plant owners and timber companies largely sidelined India’s stance when the clause about peak oil was introduced some time back by some EU representatives. It was followed by the Chinese per capita reduction commitment and suddenly, India seeing itself as the isolated warrior capitulated immediately. Under the giant garb of standing its ground, it slowly slithered out and positioned itself behind China in curbing its per capita emissions at 2005 levels by 20-25% by the year 2020. Dr. Manmohan Singh has declared that he is going to Copenhagen; and as expected, the developed world is waiting with open arms.

The Danish Government, the hosts to COP 15, sent a statement of Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen to B&E, “I welcome Prime Minister Singh’s announcement of his participation in the climate conference in Copenhagen on 18 December. With the Indian announcement, at present 105 leaders from all over the world will participate. Together, these 105 leaders represent 82 percent of globe’s population, 89 percent of the world GDP and 80 percent of the world’s current emissions. If an agreement can be reached within this group, it could change the future of the globe, thus making Copenhagen the global warming turnaround, we all wish for.” But such sweeping statements about universal wishes from the West almost never mention anything about technology transfer and a funding mechanism to aid developing nations.

Secondly, the soot from the carbon jargon has been so thick that the greatest sink for carbon dioxide, the largest GHG, the global forest cover, has been but forgotten. Brazil, the largest Latin American economy recently declared post negotiations with other Amazon economies that it would only accept and support a climate agreement if it made mandatory for developed nations to use only 10% of their emission reduction targets to invest in afforestion projects. However, Brazil might have just forgotten that China single-handedly emits nearly 50% of the carbon emissions combined by EU and US and it is still a developing economy.

Connie Hedegaard, Danish Minister for Climate and Energy, also the President for COP 15, tells B&E (as she keeps insisting on all forums she goes to), “Failure in Copenhagen is no option.” If her definition of failure is the deal not being signed, it is surprising that nobody’s cared to email her the latest details. For UN Conference Summits are now no more than glorious forums for the global environment ministers to meet each other, have great photo opportunities, discuss and debate to keep up the skills required back home in their senates, tour a little more, and finally pack for the next conference. COP 15 is named COP 15 as it’s the 15th conference since 1995 (each in a different place; next one in Mexico). Apart from these main summits, there’re pre-summit meetings (for example, 183 delegates met in Bonn this year, then in Bangkok, then in Barcelona and so on so forth). So what can one actually look forward to in COP 15? The Obamas, and the Salahis, but of course!

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The Story Behind the Hype

The Maya inherited their basic calendrical information from an earlier civilisation called the Olmecs who developed the Long Count between the second and first centuries BC. There is only one known inscription that mentions the end date. It is Monument 6 from Tortuguero, and is damaged and broken. At the end of the damaged inscription, three calendars cross-reference one date: “It was 2 days, 9 Uinals, 3 Tuns, 8 Katuns and 3 Baktuns before the 13th Baktun is completed on 4 Ahau 3 Kankin. Then it will happen – darkness, and Bolon-Yokte will descend to the (???)”

In the most popular correlation to our calendar, this equates to the 21st December 2012.

Baktun 13 (which is also Baktun zero) starts when the calendar reaches 13.0.0.0.0 in December 2012… (The Book of Chilam Balam of) Tizimin adds a prediction of UFOs, poor harvests and extreme weather, along with a mass near-death experience. However, the Maya were not the only ones to see this coming. There are several other independent sources that also mark 2012 as a conspicuous time. In the 1970s, the Chinese oracle, the I Ching was found by Terence McKenna, (who knew nothing of the Maya calendar at that time), to encode a fractal time wave that terminates late in 2012.

In the 1980s, the Paqos, who are priests of the Q’ero tribe living in the Andes, Peru, announced that their Pachakuti formula – the overturning of spacetime – would start in 1990 and last 22 years. Thus 2012 would bring the start of a Golden Age called Taripay Pacha, when the upper world, lower world and everyday world will unite.

All these other sources knew nothing of the Maya Long Count, so what can it all mean?

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Uttarakhand Governor Margaret Alva

Husband of Margaret Alva

If you go by what Uttarakhand Governor Margaret Alva says, it should have been her husband Niranjan Alva, and not she, who should have made it big in politics. After all, in his time, Niranjan was a very successful student leader. And what’s more, as a son of the extremely successful and popular Alva couple—who spent a considerable part of their life in Parliament—Niranjan’s jump from student politics to mainstream politics would have been a natural progression.

Margaret says, “He would have been more successful than me had he entered politics.” But Niranjan could not have possibly ditched his first love—law. As a successful lawyer, he entered into Margaret’s shoes to take care of his family, as he lent his to her.

When Indira Gandhi, impressed by one of her political speeches, asked Margaret to jump on to the Congress bandwagon, Niranjan was only too happy to cajole her to accept the offer. Margaret was a bit sceptical to begin with as she did not wish to leave Bangalore for Delhi, but Niranjan assured her that in her absence, he’ll happily take care of the family.

As he looks back now, Niranjan “Dada” Alva has reason to feel satisfied that as a homemaker, he did his duty with distinction. And as their children are settled in their respective fields, Niranjan can now take a long deserved break.

His relatives as well as others who know him well bet that such selfless dedication to the cause of the family and wife is difficult to find in a man these days.

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