Tuesday, July 17, 2012

Malnutrition in Africa is more of a political conspiracy – Ethiopia is a crying example

Malnutrition is neither a disease nor is it a phenomenon. It is a man made conspiracy, leading to genocide as, unlike other social malaise, malnutrition does not kill the victim instantly but drives him closer to a life of destitution and ultimately death, with every passing moment. It is a chronic and permanent shortcoming that not only destroys an individual’s future but cripples the entire demography of the nation. Conventionally, malnutrition and other similar problems are attributed to climatic changes, natural disasters and other uncontrollable factors, but then a detailed analysis makes it evident that such a problem creeps up only on account of policy failures and political reluctance. I would like to go a step ahead and blame it on the conflict between the scientific and political community, and more on the growing greed for ownership of resources amongst the underdeveloped nations, wherein the incidence of malnutrition is also the highest. To put it in simple words, it is relatively easier to own resources in a country that is socially challenged rather than in a nation that is otherwise. This is what is happening in the whole of African continent.

The dark clouds of hunger in Africa are ever more ominous as the rulers themselves have turned their backs towards their own countrymen! Dr. Robert Mwadime of Uganda Action for Nutrition inferred the problem by commenting that “children don’t vote”, there is no urgent need felt in the rulers to feed their hungry mouths! This very outlook has escalated the food crisis situation in Africa – with a staggering 50.9 per cent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa living with below $1.25 a day! Drought in Africa this year again has caused havoc with 14 million pushed to the edge of starvation and malnutrition! Most of sub-Saharan Africa is facing an emergency with an immediate need of 270,000 metric tonnes of food – no more than 120,000 metric tonnes is available! Sudan, Uganda and Somalia are the worst affected apart from Ethiopia. The World Food Program (WFP) has penetrated deep into South Kordofan with food from Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC) reaching out to 4,000 displaced people in Kadugli and 3,000 in Heiban in Sudan. For the records, there are an estimated 60,000 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Sudan, and this number is continuously increasing! Uganda, to a large extent, depends on international aid for adequate food supply – because of the lack of livelihood diversification, reduced wages, and over dependence on agriculture! Thus, a drought in the region (as is the situation at present) leads to large scale food insecurity and malnutrition. The clutches of famine penetrating deep into Somalia have created such trepidation that tens of thousands of Somalis are fleeing to neighboring Ethiopia. But then, conditions in Ethiopia are something that is beyond what words can describe.

In Wag Hamra district of Ethiopia, more than 10,000 children under the age of 5 died between 2001 and 2006 because of malnutrition and hunger, while tens of thousands were found massively suffering malnutrition-related diseases. On an average, 50 per cent of all children in Ethiopia are malnourished. Most of these children do not have the fortune of finding the easy escape of death, but get stuck in the grasp of chronic malnutrition and related diseases. Their physical and mental growth gets decelerated and most of them end up spending years in dilapidated hospitals and ill equipped clinics. The saga doesn’t end here. Even if a child struggles and reaches school, his/her performance is very dull and slow. Most of the children, due to lack of nutrition, find it tough to concentrate and learn, and thus fail to get promoted to a higher grade. This results in early dropouts and incomplete education. As of 2010, around 25 per cent of elementary school students quit schooling (between grade 1 and 8) and 7.3 per cent of all students failed to get promoted to the next grade compared to 5.3 per cent in 2005. This clearly indicates the dwindling education level of the nation. Moreover, given the fact that these poor areas have no industries and Ethiopia at large is a backward nation, these children – even if they manage to grow up safely – find it tough to make a living. Also, since the nation has more labour-intensive jobs, which require physical fitness and strength – most of these children are left jobless even at their productive age.

With Ethiopia’s population growing at 3 per cent every year, the per capita availability of resources is getting increasingly sparse and dispersed. However, the bigger problem here is about the population distribution and population density. Population in Ethiopia is not homogenously distributed, but is the exact converse. Around 40 per cent of all Ethiopians prefer staying in the Oromyia region, thus increasing the demand of resources in this very place. Around 25 per cent of the population resides in the Amara region – where the food shortage is at its peak; and the rest are scattered all across the nation. These two regions, in particular, are more vulnerable to diseases and malnutrition. Overpopulation (high population density) has increased the burden on the local administration. The huge food shortage and increasing unemployment have worsened the situation here.


Monday, July 16, 2012

over demand for clemency for Parliament attack accused Afzal Guru

Voices are rising over demand for clemency for Parliament attack accused Afzal Guru. But indifferent to the politics, which is being played around his death, one martyr’s family says there is no other option but capital punishment for the one who shattered all their hopes. 

Politicians have always used compensation to counter any questions of inaction and this case has been no different. On one occasion a senior cabinet minister from the ruling government remarked, “They are rich people now,” stressing upon the amount of compensation that the families of the martyrs had received. On another occasion, Jayawati alleges that while the martyrs’ families were not allowed to meet the President, Afzal Guru’s family was allowed inside through a different gate as a senior minister was escorting them. “We are willing to forget everything, and to tell you the truth these things don’t even matter anymore. We have gotten used to it. The pain that is inside will only die when the guilty is punished. We will see to it that there is no escape for Afzal Guru,” says Jayawati.

If one takes things from a slightly different perspective, this issue and various others similar to this have a common cause – inaction. Timely trials are already more of an oxymoron in India. And with several pending mercy petitions (some since 2003) with the President, it is certainly not encouraging. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) usually consults the state government concerned before submitting the mercy petition back to the President with its advice. The President’s powers are always exercised with the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers. In this case, the delay by the MHA to submit Afzal’s petition to the President with its advice, and now its reluctance in divulging details of the process, perhaps indicates the dilemma the government faces in keeping the issue free of political considerations. The opposition has even termed the delay in deciding Afzal’s petition as the government’s strategy to avoid a religious electoral backlash.

Further, more than often, the hype that surrounds sentencing of capital punishment to convicts and mercy pleas causes a lot of stress on the President’s ability to take an objective decision under Article 72 of the Constitution that empowers the President of India to grant pardon or commute the sentence of a convict found guilty by Court. But holding it for as long as eight years is what leads to unwarranted consequences. The only thing that now remains to be seen is whether India’s most politicised death penalty will come to a logical end or not.


Saturday, July 14, 2012

The company through the recession and recently passed on the CEO baton to SD Shibulal

Kris Gopalakrishnan, Executive co-Chairman, Infosys, led the company through the recession and recently passed on the CEO baton to SD Shibulal. He talks to Virat Bahri on the Infosys leadership and succession model and what will be expected from the future leaders of the company

B&E: In your consulting foray, competitors are quickly scaling up through acquisitions. Do you feel that puts you at a disadvantage?
KG:
We do look at acquisitions. It’s just that we have certain criteria. If we find the right company, we will go for it. For us the key is to ensure that we do not depend only on acquisitions. They may or may not happen. We have to ensure robust processes entirely for innovation. We have about 65% of our current revenues coming from services introduced in the last 6-7 years. That shows tremendous amount of renewal. Last year, we grew almost 26%. If you compare to our peers, it is almost right at the top even though we have done far fewer acquisitions.

B&E: Infosys is viewed as relatively conservative due to its policy of retaining huge cash. Does that affect your investment plans?
KG:
We are investing. We are investing in sales and marketing. We have expanded in Europe, North and Latin America and have created development centres. We are investing $120 million in China to create a delivery centre. We have invested in new services – cloud-based and platform-based solutions. In fact, our investments go beyond sales and development; we invest a lot in giving maximum training & development to our employees; second to none in the industry. No other company gives 6 months training at entry level. It’s just that our business model calls for significant cash generation because we are a technology company and believe we need to have significant cash in the balance sheet. One it gives us confidence to run the business; two it allows us to look at acquisitions; three it allows us one full year to reconfigure the business even sans revenues (worst case), so we don’t need to fire any employee. If you look across the technology world, Apple has $80 billion of cash, Microsoft has over $40 billion, and even Oracle has a lot of cash reserves.

B&E: How important is it for the new leader to be risk taking? Are you a believer in disruptive changes?
KG:
We always look for disruptive changes. But a leader must take calculated risk and understand the consequences. Complete analysis and understanding of the situation has to be undertaken. You must realise that as a leader, you have to worry for the jobs of the people, customers, et al. This is a marathon, not a 100 metre sprint. Ensure that you are creating an organization for the long term. We have taken risks – investing in people & capabilities around the world, second to none. We have build 25 million sq. feet of campus space in India, expanded in Australia and invested in Finacle. There are 2500 people in the development group (R&D) at Finacle.

B&E: What will the strategy for a future leader at Infy when it comes to handling stakeholders, particularly governments where there have been some issues of late?
KG:
As we get bigger, a larger number of our employees will be from around the world; we currently have 1000 in China, 2000-2500 employees in US, et al. We have to connect with the governments & build relations in a positive way. We can help in development and they can help IT companies & industry. Infosys has always advocated for the industry at large. We approach governments as spokespersons for the industry and all CEOs have had larger platforms to operate. I am head of CII (Southern Region) & part of the Indo-US CEO forum. IBM and Accenture have more employees in India than anywhere else. So they have a greater stake in India than they have outside. But localising is a challenge for any company today.


Read more...........

Source : IIPM Editorial, 2012.

An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri 
and Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist).

For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles. 

IIPM Best B School India
Management Guru Arindam Chaudhuri

Rajita Chaudhuri-The New Age Woman

IIPM's Management Consulting Arm-Planman Consulting

Friday, July 13, 2012

ams across Mekong make it a potential flash point for hostilities

International Rivers warns, “Dams would spell disaster for Mekong fisheries and ecology, a risk that millions of people in the region cannot afford to take.” There is a worry that more than 60 million people (who rely on the river & its tributaries for food, water & transportation), may be affected by these dams. Poverty-stricken Cambodia has been affected the most as it heavily depends on the river for food production.

Water sharing conflicts among countries are centuries old. But the Mekong dams’ disagreements are broadening with time. Lao’s Xayaburi dam, which is expecting to greatly affect Vietnam, could break the special bond between the two communist countries. Further development of hydropower dams across Mekong could enhance additional conflicts and even a war over water.



 

Thursday, July 12, 2012

Catch 22 for the US; A game of chess for Pakistan

The exchange of strong words between the two countries and then a failed visit to Islamabad by the US Secretary of State has turned the US-Pakistan relationship sour than ever. And that’s not good news for global diplomacy.

Relations between the United States of America and Pakistan have not been on a high lately. For quite sometime now, Washington has been fuming over Pakistan for providing safe haven and aiding extremist groups like the Haqqani militant network and the Afghan Taliban. However, the latest visit of US Secretary of State Hilary Clinton to Pakistan gives the impression that America now wants to mend its faltering relations with a vital and mercurial ally in the fight against militants, who are still wreaking havoc in Afghanistan, where the US has begun a drawdown of its forces.

The trouble is that the US also wants to pursue its strong stand against Pakistan on the issue of aiding militants. At least, it seemed so when Clinton, who stopped in Kabul on her way to Islamabad, with Afghan President Hamid Karzai by her side, warned that Pakistan could not let the current situation continue without paying a “big price”. She made it clear that the US will target all terrorists in their safe havens, including those taking refuge in Pakistan. And Pakistan must decide whether it wants to help or hinder the war on terror.

For that matter Clinton continued in the same vein in her joint press conference with Pakistan’s foreign minister Hina Rabbani. There she bluntly said that for too long terrorists have been able to operate from Pakistan’s soil and that “you (Pakistan) cannot keep snakes in your backyard which bite your neighbours”. While she could not have been more forthright publicly, Clinton was reportedly even more sharp in the closed door meetings with her Pakistani interlocutors. Her visit, say experts, was meant to douse the fire that had been ignited after harsh comments from both sides. But her words and actions indicated the US was in no mood to humour Pakistan.

Earlier, some strong words from the US Secretary of Defense Leon E. Panetta and the reaction of Pakistan Army Chief Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, especially with respect to the US issuing directives to Pakistan on handling the Haqqani network, had created an uncomfortable strain in the ties between the two countries. Washington’s accusation of how the ISI patronises and funds the Haqqani network, legitimises its anti-American and terrorist activities and how the Haqqani network is being used for patronising Al-Qaida’s presence on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border did not go down well with Pakistan. Interestingly, it is the same Haqqani network that India has been accusing of enjoying patronage from Pakistan. But the US was in a constant state of denial about the nexus till the blasts in London, Holland, Madrid and in the US embassies in Kabul, Iraq et al. US research operations after these incidents proved the clandestine activities of the ISI and its nexus with the Haqqani network. But faced with hard evidence, the US could no longer condone this unholy nexus.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2012.

An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri 
and Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist).

For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles. 

IIPM Best B School India
Management Guru Arindam Chaudhuri

Rajita Chaudhuri-The New Age Woman